MicroRNAs are small, non-coding sequences that regulate gene expression by inducing degradation or translational inhibition of target mRNAs. These molecules control many intracellular physiological and pathological processes.Abnormal expression of these moleculs has been described in different cancers including hematopoietic cancers. According to the type of cancer and the stage, miRNA’s expression and it’s type are different.
Materials and methods: In this study, we have used 35 references which have studied the relevance between the expression of microRNAs in acute/chronic, myeloid/lymphoid leukemias. These references were obtained by searching for the keywords hematological malignancies, microRNA, miRNA, Leukemia, ALL, AML, CML, CLL in PUBMED, Google Scholar, Elsevier databases. Studies showed changes in expression of miR-181a, let-7a, miR-30d, miR-155, miR-150, and miR-92 can be used for the diagnosis of patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia. Also according to the studies in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia, miRNA-100 miRNA-196b, let-7e, miRNA-128a, miRNA-210, miRNA-128b, miRNA-151, j-miRNA-5, miRNA -130b miRNA-218, miRNA-128a, miRNA-204, miRNA-331 miRNA-181b miRNA-20, can be used for diagnosis of these patient. Changes in the amount of expression of miR-150, miR-155 has-miR10a, miRNA-155, miRNA-106, miRNA-16-1, miRNA-15a, miRNA-101, and miRNA-568 were also observed in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Also, based on the studies, changes in the amount of miR-217, miR-150, miR-342, miR-223, and miR-92a expresstion, have been observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. According to the findings, by measuring the amount of these small molecules in tissues and body fluids, we can effectively classify human tumors. The purpose of this review article was to study the changes in the expression of microRNAs by measuring these molecules in laboratory samples in order to help to diagnose the type of leukemias.
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