Laboratory & Diagnosis
نشریه آزمایشگاه و تشخیص
3
Medical Sciences
http://labdiagnosis.ir
1
admin
ISSN 2252-066X
10
8
7
14
8888
13
fa
jalali
1393
9
1
gregorian
2014
12
1
6
25
online
1
fulltext
fa
قارچ های دیماتیاسئوس و اهمیت پزشکی آن ها
A Review on Dematiaceous Fungi
قارچ شناسی
قارچ شناسی
كاربردي
Applicable
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قارچ های دیماتیاسئوس یک گروه هتروژن از قارچ هایی هستند که در پیگمانتاسیون تیره در میسلیوم ها و اسپورهایشان مشترک می باشند. کلنی های آن ها معمولا به رنگ های سبز زیتونی، خاکستری یا قهوه ای تا سیاه رنگ می باشند.اکثرا از پاتوژن های با اهمیت گیاهان هستند و نقش بیماری زایی آن ها در انسان طی سالیان اخیر بیش از پیش مشخص شده است. موارد رو به افزایش عفونت های متنوع پوستی، سندروم های سینوزیتی، انواع خاصی از مایستوماها و سرانجام عفونت های مهلک عمقی و سیستمیک ناشی از آن ها در مطبوعات پزشکی بیشتر از گذشته جلب توجه می نماید. گونه های مختلفی از حدود 32 جنس از قارچ های دیماتیاسئوس تولید کننده متابولیت های متنوع و مایکوتوکسین های مختلفی هستند که به لحاظ صنعتی و پزشکی دارای اهمیت می باشند.
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The dematiaceous or phaeoid moulds are a heterogeneous group of organisms which include hyphomycetes, coelomycetes, and ascomycetes. Given the large volume of dark etiologic agents, only selected genera/species are included here. These fungi share dark pigmentation resulting from the presence of dihydroxynaphthalene melanin in the cell walls.
When invading tissue, dark hyphae may be difficult to visualize with the hematoxylineosin stain, but the melaninspecific Masson–Fontana stain facilitates recognition. In culture, melanin imparts colonial pigmentation ranging from buff to pale brown in some species, but predominantly olivaceous to brown to black. While a few of these black moulds may display a mucoid or yeastlike phase, at least initially, most appear filamentous in culture. The number of black moulds reported as etiologic agents continues to escalate with the growing population of immune compromised individuals.
When recovered from patient samples, dematiaceous fungi must be evaluated for their clinical significance based upon compatible histopathology as they are common, ubiquitous organisms known to colonize host sites. The correct identification of the myriad etiologic agents by the laboratory is critical for appropriate patient management. We have therefore arranged this manuscript in two sections corresponding to these aims. The first section will provide an outline approach to the identification of selected dematiaceous fungi, followed by a brief description of the salient features for each genus or species including (1) colony growth characteristics and macroscopic morphology, (2) microscopic morphology, and/or (3) biochemical tests. Detailed descriptions of etiologic agents may be found in other recent works.
Organisms have been grouped on the basis of their anamorphic (asexual = mitosporic) or teleomorphic (sexual = meiosporic) reproductive propagules, although these groupings do not necessarily reflect phylogenetic relationships. Categories of black moulds include the hyphomycetes (that bear their conidia free), the coelomycetes (that bear their conidia within enclosed or semienclosed conidiomata, such as pycnidia or acervuli, respectively), and the ascomycetes (that bear their ascoconidia within a variety of ascomata, such as cleistothecia, perithecia, gymnothecia and other intermediate forms). Organisms known to cause only eumycotic mycetoma are considered separately at the end of the first section. The second section contains a discussion of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment issues for each of the clinical syndromes caused by dematiaceous fungi: chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic mycetoma, and the various manifestations of phaeohyphomycosis.
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قارچ های رنگی, قارچ های سیاه, فئوهایفومایکوز
Dematiaceous fungi, Phaeohyphomycetes, Phaeohyphomycosis, Black fungi
23
30
http://labdiagnosis.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-11-25-41&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mohammad
Ghahri
محمد
قهری
ghahri14@gmail.com
1003194753284600201
1003194753284600201
Yes
Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
استادیار دانشگاه امام حسین (ع)، آزمایشگاه تشخیص طبی رسالت