Introduction: Elite migration from developing countries to developed countries is a common phenomenon. However, the migration of elites, employees, students, and specialists causes significant damage to the health systems of the countries of origin. It provides a basis for the unfair exploitation of the social capital of these countries by the destination countries. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and determine the causes and factors contributing to the tendency to migrate, as well as strategies to mitigate it, among employees, students, specialists in laboratory sciences, and other related and affiliated fields.
Methodology: This study was conducted in a quantitative and cross-sectional manner from 1403 to 1404, utilizing the brainstorming method to determine the causes of migration and strategies for reducing it among specialists, staff, and students of laboratory sciences and related and affiliated fields at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The research population included staff as well as specialists in laboratory sciences with a Ph.D. and general clinical laboratories of 5 large and medium-sized general hospitals based on the number of beds, including Imam Khomeini (RA), Shariati, Sina, Baharlou and Amiralam, as well as students in laboratory sciences and other related and affiliated fields at the bachelor's, master's and doctorate (Ph.D) levels, a total of 710 people. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 248 people was determined, proportional to the number of staff and specialists in each hospital, as well as students by field and level of education. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 28 questions was used to collect data, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. To present the results, the SPSS software was used, and descriptive results were expressed as means and standard deviations. Analytical results were presented using non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney, Spearman, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Findings: The study's results showed that contextual factors related to work, the health system, individual characteristics, and destination countries were the primary causes of the desire to migrate, as well as strategies to mitigate it. Initially, individual-related factors and those less closely tied to work were prioritized. Additionally, the professional background of specialists and employees, as well as the educational level of the participants in the study, showed a significant relationship with factors related to work, destination countries, and the health system, as reasons for the desire to migrate and its prevention and reduction.
Conclusion: The reasons for the migration of paramedics to destination countries are a multifaceted combination of economic and personal problems, structural inefficiencies in the health system, and a sense of discrimination in the selection and employment of specialists, as well as mental despair regarding the country's future. Although the attractiveness of destination countries as strong pull factors is involved in the emergence of the migration phenomenon. Preparing and formulating fundamental strategies to improve the economic situation, reforming the educational and research structure, and strengthening the culture of professionalism, along with strengthening national pride and dignity among the younger generation, can prevent the migration phenomenon to a large extent.
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