Chemoresistance is one of the main obstacles to the success of cancer treatment and one of the most important causes of death in patients. In the last decade, progress in high-throughput technologies, including microarray, sequencing, and bioinformatics has greatly resulted in cancer gene profiling and identification of biomarkers for cancer prognosis and prediction. This has greatly improved the therapeutic strategies. Given that the importance of the genetic approaches in medical science and the improvement of therapeutic efficacy, in this study we review microarray as a standard technique for identification of differential expressed genes in which involved in chemoresistance. In addition, we discuss about the importance of meta-analysis as well as system biology to uncover more accurate finding. These approaches give a more accurate insight into the cell events, especially cancer biology. The resulted information in field of genes signatures and intra-cellular pathways involved in chemo-resistance could be useful in development of clinical trials with the least rate of resistance.