Vitamin D is a vital element in the body that plays an important role in the growth and strength of muscles and bones by its effect on calcium absorption from the intestine. Vitamin D biosynthesis begins with the exposure to UV of sunlight from the skin.
Cholecalciferol transfers from the skin and the intestine to the liver, and then binds to the DBP protein and eventually enters the kidney to continue the activation process. The most important sources of vitamin D needed by the body are sun exposure (UV absorption), vitamin D diet, and vitamin D supplementation at the appropriate dose. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a variety of disorders, including rickets, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Various factors such as the amount of sun exposure, the cloud cover and air pollution, skin pigmentation, age, sex, and lifestyle are all important factors in determining the status of this essential vitamin. Today, vitamin D deficiency has become one of the pervasive health issues in all countries, requiring a great deal of attention from physicians, specialists, and social health officials.