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Exploring the Relationship Between Pharmacogenomics and Cardiovascular Drugs
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Daryoush Farhood1   , Savis Molaeian2 , Fereshteh Khalilzadeh2 |
1- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Genetics Clinic
2- Genetics Clinic |
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Abstract: (21 Views) |
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major global health concerns that contribute to high mortality rates. The efficacy and safety of CVD treatments can vary significantly due to individual genetic factors. This article explores how pharmacogenomics can impact the safety and effectiveness of cardiovascular treatments through advanced genetic testing methods. CVD includes conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Genetic factors play a key role in the variability of drug responses in CVD treatments. Personalized therapeutic approaches, considering genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, are crucial for effective management. Pharmacogenomics is essential for precision medicine in cardiovascular care. Genetic factors significantly influence the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular drugs and help reduce treatment costs. Variability in drug response is influenced by factors such as absorption, metabolism, and receptor interactions. This review focuses on the role of genetic testing in optimizing the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular drugs in precision medicine. Key drug-gene pairs with strong clinical evidence for implementation in practice include clopidogrel and the CYP2C19 genotype, warfarin and the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes, and simvastatin and the SLCO1B1 genotype. Genetic variations also affect response to β-blockers. Institutions are integrating pharmacogenomic testing of these drug-gene pairs into clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. A proactive approach to pharmacogenomic testing, rather than starting after treatment, could be beneficial for both physicians and patients. This review emphasizes the pharmacogenetics of cardiovascular drugs such as clopidogrel, warfarin, and simvastatin, which are supported by strong clinical evidence. Challenges in translating pharmacogenomics into clinical practice include the need for genotype-based trial outcome data. Ongoing randomized controlled trials aim to assess the clinical benefits of genotype-based strategies. Academic medical centers are at the forefront of implementing pharmacogenomics and overseeing the operational requirements for successful integration.
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| Keywords: Pharmacogenomics, Cardiovascular Diseases, Warfarin, Simvastatin, Genotype |
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Full-Text [PDF 565 kb]
(12 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
ژنتیک
Received: 2025/07/1 | Accepted: 2025/07/2 | Published: 2025/07/2
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