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A review on the latest clinical and laboratory criteria for clinical diagnosis of Multiple sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders
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Sedigheh Sharifzadeh1   , Fatemeh Nasri1 |
| 1- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences |
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Abstract: (14 Views) |
Both Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum (NMOSD) are demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system and have similar symptoms such as optic neuritis and myelitis. In MS, CNS lesions are mostly present in the dorsal and lateral column of the spinal cord and also in the brain (Dawson fingers), but in NMOSD, the lesions are mostly limited to the spinal cord and optic nerve. In acute myelitis, longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis lesions (LETM), meaning involvement of more than three vertebrae with a tendency towards the gray matter, is one of the characteristics of NMOSD, while in MS myelitis, the involvement is shorter in length. One of the important findings in NMOSD is the presence of antibodies against Aquaporin-4, which can destroy astrocytes through multiple mechanisms. In addition to these differences, the presence of oligo clonal bands (OCB) in the CSF of these two diseases is seen in 85% of MS patients, but only in 15 to 30% of NMOSD patients, accompanied by pleocytosis and the presence of neutrophils and eosinophils in the CSF. The 2017 criteria classified by McDonald help in more accurate diagnosis of MS, and for the diagnosis of NMOSD, the International NMO Diagnostic Panel in 2015 developed criteria using information from systematic studies, which are discussed in this article.
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| Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, McDonald Criteria, Dawson Fingers, Neuromyelitis Optica, Aquaporin 4, Oligo Clonal Band |
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Full-Text [PDF 937 kb]
(8 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
ایمنی شناسی (ایمونولوژی)
Received: 2025/12/15 | Accepted: 2025/12/15 | Published: 2025/12/15
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