Prenatal Diagnosis is the most reliable way of preventing genetic diseases that has been implicated in many countries and has prevented the birth of newborns with different hereditary, congenital and genetic diseases during the past few years. Prenatal diagnosis is actually the use of various diagnostic methods to check the condition of the fetus during pregnancy, because postnatal genetic disorders are generally not treatable. In fact, many of the genetic diseases and birth syndromes that occur at birth in the fetus (congenital) such as Down syndrome or after birth, such as thalassemia and hemophilia, are easily identifiable before birth.
With the advances made in molecular genetics, today, it is possible to detect before birth all genetic diseases that have been identified as pathogenic. Pre-natal diagnosis allows for the presence of healthy children for couples carrying vector pathogens.
In general, using non-invasive methods such as ultrasonography (three or four), the examination of fetal cells and DNA, as well as the examination of the mother's blood and ... many suspicious cases are detected. But invasive methods of pre-natal diagnosis require access to embryonic samples, which include amniocentesis, CVS, pre-implantation (PGD) implantation in pregnancies performed with IVF.